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Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Aquatic Pollutants in Oceans and Fisheries

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Titre :	Aquatic Pollutants in Oceans and Fisheries
Auteurs :	Matt Landos, Auteur ; Mariann Lloyd Smith, Auteur ; Joanna Immig, Auteur
Type de document :	Ouvrage
Editeur :	Gothenburg, Sweden : International Pollutants Elimination Network (IPEN), 2021
Format :	88
Langues:	Anglais
Mots-clés :	Plastique ; océan ; Pêche
Résumé :	fisheries and catchments have wrought destruction on water quality and critical nursery habitat as well as the reduction and removal of aquatic food resources. Exposures to environmental pollutants are adversely impacting fertility, behavior, and resilience, and negatively influencing the recruitment and survival capacity of aquatic species. There will never be sustainable fisheries until all factors contributing to fishery declines are addressed. • Chemical pollutants have been impacting oceanic and aquatic food webs for decades and the impacts are worsening. The scientific literature docu- ments man-made pollution in aquatic ecosystems since the 1970s. Estimates indicate up to 80% of marine chemical pollution originates on land and the situation is worsening. Point source management of pollutants has failed to protect aquatic ecosystems from diffuse sources everywhere. Aquaculture is also reaching limits due to pollutant impacts with intensification already driving deterioration in some areas, and contaminants in aquaculture feeds affecting fish health. • Pollutants including industrial chemicals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, plastics and microplastics have deleterious impacts to aquatic ecosystems at all trophic levels from plankton to whales. Endo- crine disrupting chemicals, which are biologically active at extremely low concentrations, pose a particular long-term threat to fisheries. Persistent pollutants such as mercury, brominated compounds, and plastics biomagnify in the aquatic food web and ultimately reach humans. • Aquatic ecosystems that sustain fisheries are undergoing fundamental shifts as a result of climate change. Oceans are warming and becoming more acidic with increasing carbon dioxide deposition. Melting sea ice, gla- ciers and permafrost are increasing sea levels and altering ocean currents, salinity and oxygen levels. Increases in both de-oxygenated ‘dead zones’ and coastal algal blooms are being observed. Furthermore, climate change is re-mobilizing historical contaminants from their ‘polar sinks’. • Climate change and chronic exposures to pesticides all can amplify the impacts of pollution by increasing exposures, toxicity and bioaccumula- tion of pollutants in the food web. Methyl mercury (MeHg) and PCBs are among the most prevalent and toxic contaminants in the marine food web. • We are at the precipice of disaster, but have an opportunity for recovery. Progress requires fundamental shifts in industry, economy and governance, the cessation of deep-sea mining and other destructive industries, and envi- ronmentally sound chemical management, and true circular economies. Re- generative approaches to agriculture and aquaculture are urgently required to lower carbon, stop further pollution, and begin the restoration process.
En ligne :	https://ipen.org/sites/default/files/documents/ipen-fisheries-v1_6cw-en.pdf
Traduction de :	Polluants aquatiques dans les océans et les pêcheries / Matt Landos (2021)

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