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Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Titre :	A Sabine’s Gull Xema sabini in Montenegro—first record in the NE Mediterranean and a short review of the species’ status in SE Europe
Auteurs :	Urs Kormann, Auteur ; Borut Stumberger, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Acrocephalus (34(156-157) 2013)
Article en page(s) :	79-82
Mots-clés:	Montenegro
Résumé :	A Sabine's Gull Xema sabini in Montenegro – first record in the NE Mediterranean and a short review of the speciestatus in SE Europe Lastovičji galeb Xema sabini v Črni gori – prvo opazovanje v SV Sredozemlju in kratek pregled statusa vrste v JV Evropi Sabine's Gull Xema sabini breeds exclusively in high arctic zones in the northern hemisphere. While most of the breeding population is concentrated in the Nearctic zone of North America, the Palearctic breeders show a scattered distribution over eastern Siberia, Greenland and irregular breeding pairs on Svalbard. Traditional literature mentions two disjunct subpopulations, which differ both in breeding and wintering grounds (Glutz von Blotzheim 1999). Birds from NW America and E Siberia winter on waters of the Humboldt Current, mainly along the Peruvian coast (15°–20°S). In contrast, birds from NE America, Greenland and Svalbard winter in the area of the Benguela Current west of Namibia and South Africa (25°–35°S). The western Nearctic breeders and presumably the Siberian birds migrate along the American West Coast to their Pacific wintering grounds. In contrast, breeders of NE America, Greenland and presumably the Svalbard population migrate in late summer mainly along the coasts of Western Europe to Africa. This is supported by frequent and yearly observations of the species during that time along Western European coasts (Glutz von Blotzheim 1999). Details of their migration north are less clear. Most of the birds leave their African wintering grounds in March/April, but they seem to take a different, more direct route in spring: observations along the West African coast in April and May suggest that Sabine's Gulls do not follow the coastline up to Western Europe in spring. Instead, they only seem to fly to Mauritania and Morocco, where they change their flight direction towards the north-west to continue directly to their breeding grounds (Glutz von Blotzheim 1999). Here we report on the discovery of a putative 2 nd summer Sabine's Gull. We observed the bird at noon on 15 May 2010, at the mouth of the right arm of the Bojana River, Ada Island, Montenegro (41°51'53.46"N, 19°20'24.14"E), close to the border with Albania. In the beginning, the bird was foraging on a small, unvegetated sand bank, together with 25 Yellow-legged Gulls Larus michahellis, 25 Black-headed Gulls Chroicocephalus ridibundus, 7 Mediterranean Gulls L. melanocephalus, 35 Little Terns Sternula albifrons, 3 Sandwich Terns Sterna sandvicensis, 6 Gull-billed Terns Gelochelidon nilotica, 2 Grey Plovers Pluvialis squatarola, 2 Kentish Plovers Charadrius alexandrinus, 18 Sanderlings Calidris alba und 6 Turnstones Arenaria interpres. Between 11.30 and 11.55 hrs, we observed the gull at a relatively close distance (40 m), when preening. Shortly after, it was flushed by a passing jogger and flew over the river, where we could study it from ca. 200 m distance until 13.15 hrs when we left the place. During our visit on the next day, we could not relocate the bird. However, it may have been present, but the strong rainfall, very strong wind from the south-east (estimated wind speed: 5–6 Beaufort) and a strong swell of the sea made the search difficult. The species was identified in the field, where the bird could be identified without a shadow of a doubt as a Sabine's Gull. The first character that drew our attention was the bird's small size: in direct comparison, it was markedly smaller than the Black-headed Gulls Figure 1: Sabine's Gull Xema sabini (right) in direct comparison with a 1st-summer Black-Headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus (left). Note the greyish, slightly bleached neck region. Bojana River mouth, Montenegro, 15 May 2010 (photo: Urs Kormann).
En ligne :	https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Urs-Kormann/publication/261712385_A_Sabine's_Gull_Xema_sabini_in_Montenegro_-_first_record_in_the_NE_Mediterranean_and_a_short_review_of_the_species_status_in_SE_Europe/links/0a85e5353e9eac1089000000/A-Sabines-Gull-Xema-sabini-in-Montenegro-first-record-in-the-NE-Mediterranean-and-a-short-review-of-the-species-status-in-SE-Europe.pdf

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