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La Tour du Valat

Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Titre :	Endemism and taxonomic differentiation in terrestrial breeding birds of North Africa
Auteurs :	Paul Isenmann, Auteur ; Michel Thévenot, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Alauda (86(2) 2018)
Article en page(s) :	117-152
Mots-clés :	Aves ; zone méditerranéenne ; Libye
Mots-clés:	Libye
Résumé :	This study deals with the taxonomic status of 195 terrestrial species breeding in North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya). This geographic area located at the southwesternmost part of the Palearctic region can be considered as forming an island surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea in the north and by the Sahara in the south. A first category of 132 species (67.7%) is breeding in Europe and in North Africa. Among these 132 species, 72 (54.5%) do not show any taxonomic difference between Europe and North Africa. Each of the remaining 60 species show one or several subspecies specific to North Africa or common to South Europe and North Africa. In this latter group of 60 species, two subgroups can be recognized. The first subgroup comprises 36 species (60%) in which the taxonomic split occurs between Europe and North Africa. The second subgroup comprises 24 species (40%) in which the split occurs between temperate Europe and the Mediterranean area (Mediterranean Europe and North Africa). In the latter subgroup, 8 species show secondary splits within North Africa. A second category of species comprises 63 species which are breeding in North Africa but not in Europe (except a few of them breeding in the southernmost part of the Iberian Peninsula). This category can be divided in three different groups. The first group consists of 22 species which are breeding in the desert belt running from the Atlantic Ocean eastwards to the Arabic Peninsula and even as far east as Iran and Pakistan. Among them, 9 do not show any split at least west of the Arabic Peninsula, but the 13 other species show a particular subspecies in the Sahara. The second group consists of 17 afrotropical species breeding in North Africa and in sub-Saharan Africa. Among them, 7 do not show any subspecies in north Africa and the 10 other species show a particular subspecies in North Africa. The third group comprises 24 endemic species. In fact, to the 19 true endemic species in North Africa and the Sahara, we add 5 other species breeding in North Africa and in South Iberia. Moreover, if we add to the later group of 24 endemic species a further set of 83 species showing a particular subspecies in North Africa, then the number of species showing some degree of endemism amounts roughly a good half (54,9%) of the total of the considered species which are breeding in North Africa. Finally, the taxonomic status of all these species is the result of both the absence of glaciation events in North Africa and the isolated location of this area between Europe and the Afrotropics.

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