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Directed flight and optimal airspeeds: homeward-bound gulls react flexibly to wind yet fly slower than predicted

James D. McLaren, Auteur ; Judy Shamoun-Baranes, Auteur ; C. J. Camphuysen, Auteur ; Willem Bouten, Auteur

Dans Journal of Avian Biology (47(4) JUL 2016)

Birds in flight are proposed to adjust their body orientation (heading) and airspeed to wind conditions adaptively according to time and energy constraints. Airspeeds in goal-directed flight are predicted to approach or exceed maximum-range airs[...]

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