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Résumé :
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Studies of foraging and territory economics in free-living animals are few and have been limited largely to nectar-feeding birds owing to the relative ease of observation and assessment of their food supplies. Such studies indicate that the benefits of defense come about due to the accumulation of nectar on territories, which reduces the time and energy costs expended by territory owners to meet their daily energy demands. I studied the foraging and territory economics of a predator, the Northern Harrier, Circus hudsonius. I hypothesized that territory owners’ rates of energy intake should depend not only on the availability of mice on their territories, but also on their capture success, and more specifically, the product of capture success and mice availability. Territorial harriers spent less time and energy foraging than non-territorial harriers, but more time and energy in aggressive chases. A regression model derived from measurements of capture success and mice availability indicated that territorial defense was sustainable at all but the lowest values of capture success. Even with the added cost of defense, all territorial harriers had energy expenditures below their daily energy needs, whereas two of five non-territorial harriers expended more energy than their daily needs. The amount of time and energy territorial harriers expended in foraging and defense was similar to findings for territorial nectar-feeding birds, but was more variable, which may reflect the stochasticity that capture success had on their rates of energy intake.
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