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Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Titre :	Genetic diversity of wild populations of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) in Tunisia
Auteurs :	Y. Zaouali, Auteur ; C. Messaoud, Auteur ; M. Boussaïd, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Ecologia Mediterranea (29(2) 2003)
Article en page(s) :	199-215
Résumé :	Rosmarinus officinalis L. is widespread in Central and North-Western Tunisia on sites belonging to sub-humid, semi arid superior and arid superior bioclimatic levels. This plant species reproduces exclusively by vegetative propagation. In all populations, regeneration from seeds is extremely rare because of abortion during nutlets maturation and the low rate of seedling establishment.The habitat destruction linked to human activities (vegetation clearing, overgrazing, over-collecting and oils exploitation) and the rarity of new plants establishment via seeds had led to a decrease in population number and size.Using starch gel electrophoresis, we analyzed the polymorphism of 19 Tunisian natural populations belonging to three bioclimatical stages (sub humid, semi arid superior and arid superior) to determine their genetic diversity and structuring.At ten polymorphic loci, the species maintained high levels of genetic variation within populations, despite its predominant vegetative reproduction and the low rate of seedling establishment. The high genotypical diversity of genets, in the starting population, and the outcrossing breeding system should act in favor of this high genetic variability.An average of 11.3% of the variation resides among populations, indicating a substantial level of interpopulational differentiation. A significant population differentiation was observed within each of the three ecological groups. The level of structuring varied in relationship with the population separation and the quality of sites. Differentiation between continuous groups was lower than that observed for discontiguous ones.Nei's (1972) genetic distance values between pairs of populations were low (0.005

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