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Résumé :
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The information of the written sources relative to pastoralism in the Crau links this activity to the pebbles of Durancian Period that characterise this steppe-like plain. As is always the case, the origin of these stones has given rise to two explanations in the ancient authors, one relating to the history of scientific thought, the other to mythological thought. Modern authors reject the scientific explanation offered by Aristotle. In the mythic explanation, they retain the link with the passage of Hercules in which he subdues the bulls of Geryon. In order to assist Hercules in his struggle against the Ligurians, Zeus sends a rain of stones. This article proposes to redefine the Hercules of the Crau as more than god of herdsmen, but as thrower of rocks (saxanus). The vegetation of the ancient Crau represents the state of the plain prior to the creation of the coussoul in which the vegetation is the result of human action related to pastoralism. Taken from this perspective, it is necessary to interpret precisely the information of Pliny the Eider according to which the transhumance of the Craus is an inverse or winter transhumance. The flocks graze on the thym and a couch grass, corresponding to that which the herdsmen call the "unrefined". The "refiler" which provides the actual value of the pasturage of the Crau does not exist. Paleoecological research on the grasses of the Crau should be undertaken to test this hypothesis
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