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Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Titre :	Biological control of Phytophthora cambivora (Petri) Buisman in chestnut tree (Castanea sativa Mill.)
Auteurs :	V. A. Bourbos, Auteur ; I. T. Metzidakis, Auteur
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Ecologia Mediterranea (26(1-2) 2000)
Article en page(s) :	123-127
Résumé :	"Ink disease" of chestnut tree, caused by Phytophthora cambivora, produces serious damages in chestnut orchards in Crete during the last years. Natural environment has been affected and agricultural income has been significantly decreased. The biological control of this pathogen has been studied in this work by the use of the two antagonist fungi Trichoderma harzianum Rifai and T. koningii Oudem. The commercial biological product "Promot", which contains the above antagonists in concentrations 2X107 and 3X107 respectively, was used. Two strains of the pathogen were tested for the artificial soil infections, which was carried out one week before the chestnut sow. The first strain (P. cambivora 1) was isolated by infected chestnut trees from the area of Chania in Crete, while the Benaky Phytopathological Institute in Athens provided the second one (P. cambivora 2). Seedlings of "Rodgiano" variety chestnut seeds of Castanea sativa were used. Chestnut seeds were soaked into a suspension-dilution of the biological product in the dose of 100 g/hl just before their transplantation. The same dose of suspension-dilution of the biological product was used for root watering of young trees of 10 cm stem height, as well as two months later. The treatment's effect was estimated by the number of the trees with leaf wilting, at the plant tip infection of the root system, and base of the trunk, as well as apoplexia symptoms. Chestnut trees treated with the biological product were protected by the pathogen with efficiency ranged from 98.9 to 100% depending on the evaluation criteria for the strain P. cambivora 1 and P. cambivora 2 respectively. This efficiency was statistically significantly different from the control.

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