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Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes

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Niche filling predicts evolutionary trajectories in insular bird communities

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Titre :	Niche filling predicts evolutionary trajectories in insular bird communities (2024)
Type de document :	Article
Dans :	Functional Ecology ((en ligne) October, 2024)
Langues:	Anglais
Mots-clés :	TdV ; Evolution ; Aves ; Ethologie ; île ; Développement biologique
Résumé :	In our study, we explore how the phenotypes (morphology and behaviour) of endemic bird species that live on islands evolve over time. There are two main ideas about these phenotypic changes: one idea is that birds evolve to fill specific roles in their environment (niche filling), and the other is that they become generalists, adapting to a wide range of conditions (niche expansion). To test these ideas, we looked at 378 bird species from 24 islands, including 177 prehistoric anthropogenically extinct species. We used a 3D functional space approach to compare the evolution of several traits (like body size and beak shape) of these birds to their ancestors. We found that 57% of the island bird species evolved to fill specific gaps in their environment, supporting the niche filling idea. When we adjusted for body size, about half of the birds still showed unique traits compared to their ancestors. As an example, we found that the important morphological changes of endemic Hawaiian geese and ducks (genera Branta, Thambetochen, Ptaiochen) are likely related to the absence of large herbivorous mammals in the archipelago, which they have probably replaced in functional space. In that perspective, our study also found that certain types of birds, like herbivores and nectar-feeders, evolved distinct body sizes more often. Our study provides insights into how bird species on islands evolve within their communities and underscores the importance of considering recently extinct species to fully understand the diversity and evolution of island bird communities. Overall, our study calls for a global effort to assess the functional diversity lost due to recent bird extinctions and to better understand evolutionary processes on islands.
En ligne :	https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.14675

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