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Résumé :
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Karyotypes were analysed in 113 populations of 34 species of Rhynchospora (Cyperaceae). They showed typical holocentric chromosomes lacking primary constrictions. Nucleolar constrictions were observed in the terminal regions of a few chromosomes (except in R. nanuzae, in which they were interstitial). The chromosome numbers varied between 2 = 4 and 2n = 50. The primary base number seems to be x = 5; x = 6 and x = 9 are secondary. Dysploidy occurred at low frequency, whereas polyploidy seemed to be the predominant event in the karyotype evolution of the genus. Karyotypic differences were found in R. consanguinea var. speciosa and R. consanguinea var. rigida and the closely related R. emaciata, R. riparia and R. tenuis from section Tenues. On the other hand, karyotypic similarities occurred among sections Valderugosae, Marisculae, Stenophyllae and Cernuae.
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