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Résumé :
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Documenting the nesting biology of birds is a crucial aspect of ornithological research, yet a surprisingly large number of Neotropical species remain understudied. Here, we describe the nest and egg characteristics of the Violet-capped Hummingbird (Goldmania violiceps) based on two active nests found in Cerro Chucantí Private Nature Reserve, Eastern Panama. We also compare these characteristics with other montane hummingbirds in Mesoamerica. G. violiceps is an endemic species, restricted to the highlands of Eastern Panama and northwestern Colombia, and is classified as Near Threatened by the IUCN Red List and included in CITES Appendix II. The first nest was found on 1 February 2021, and the second on 14 August 2022. Each nest contained two white, oval-shaped eggs 13.60 ± 0.50 mm in length and 9.02 ± 0.52 mm in width, with weight 0.52 ± 0.4 g, representing 13% of adult female body mass (3.87 ± 0.50 g, n = 13). The cup-shaped nests had an outer diameter of 47.90 ± 2.35 mm, inner diameter of 25.5 ± 1.43 mm, and depth of 38.55 ± 3.45 mm. The nests were constructed from lichens, fern fibers, dry moss, and spider webs. Comparisons with other montane hummingbirds revealed low variability in nest and egg characteristics across species in Mesoamerica. Given the current levels of alteration in montane habitats, understanding the nesting biology of G. violiceps is essential for assessing its population status and informing conservation strategies across its range.
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