Les articles de Brigitte Poulin

Distance functions of carabids in crop fields depend on functional traits, crop type and adjacent habitat: a synthesis

Wed, 31 Jan 2024 10:01:51

de Fabian A. Boetzl, Douglas Sponsler, Matthias Albrecht, Péter Batáry, Klaus Birkhofer, Michal Knapp, Jochen Krauss, Bea Maas, Emily A. Martin, Clelia Sirami, et al.
In Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 291(2014) (January, 2024), 20232383
En ligne : royalsocietypublishing.org[...]

Natural pest and weed regulation are essential for agricultural production, but the spatial distribution of natural enemies within crop fields and its drivers are mostly unknown. Using 28 datasets comprising 1204 study sites across eight Western and Central European countries, we performed a quantitative synthesis of carabid richness, activity densities and functional traits in relation to field edges (i.e. distance functions). We show that distance functions of carabids strongly depend on carabid functional traits, crop type and, to a lesser extent, adjacent non-crop habitats. Richness of both carnivores and granivores, and activity densities of small and granivorous species decreased towards field interiors, whereas the densities of large species increased. We found strong distance decays in maize and vegetables whereas richness and densities remained more stable in cereals, oilseed crops and legumes. We conclude that carabid assemblages in agricultural landscapes are driven by the complex interplay of crop types, adjacent non-crop habitats and further landscape parameters with great potential for targeted agroecological management. In particular, our synthesis indicates that a higher edge–interior ratio can counter the distance decay of carabid richness per field and thus likely benefits natural pest and weed regulation, hence contributing to agricultural sustainability.

Structural effects of reedbed grazing and its cessation on reed-nesting songbird densities

Mon, 15 Jul 2024 16:48:40

de Thomas Pagnon, Clémence Pechinot, Léa Sgro, Jérémie DEMAY, Rémi Jullian, Régis Gallais, Brigitte Poulin, Cyril Marmoex
In Avian Research, 15 (2024), 100182
En ligne : www.sciencedirect.com[...]

Reedbeds are crucial breeding habitats for vulnerable songbird species. Irrespective of their protection status, these habitats may be threatened by organic matter accumulation, progressively leading to structural homogenization and habitat succession towards woodland. Managers prevent excessive litter build-up with various interventions opening-up the reedbeds, such as grazing, which may be detrimental or suitable for some reed bird species. We assessed the effects of extensive grazing by horses and its cessation in the medium and long terms on reedbed structure, and the consequences on reed-nesting songbird densities in Estagnol Nature Reserve, a protected wetland near the French Mediterranean coast. We compared reedbed structural features between grazed, newly ungrazed and old-ungrazed plots. During nine years, we censused four songbird species in spring and collected water level data in the same survey plots. Grazing reduced reedbed extent, rejuvenated the vegetation with more short green stems on a thinner litter, and produced higher structural heterogeneity and discontinuity compared to long-lasting non grazing. Newly ungrazed plot showed intermediate effects. All surveyed songbird total densities were similar among plots while species numbers and densities differed. Grazed reedbed was more attractive to Moustached Warblers (Acrocephalus melanopogon) and Great Reed Warblers (Acrocephalus arundinaceus), likely due to the large edges and the high vegetation structural heterogeneity. However, Moustached Warblers were more negatively affected by higher water level in grazed reedbed, presumably because flooding prevents litter foraging. The newly ungrazed reedbed was not preferred by any species. All warbler species were found under low density in the old-ungrazed reedbed, where Reed Buntings (Emberiza schoeniclus) were exclusively found. Food availability related to thick litter layer may explain this predilection. Common Reed Warblers (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) were found everywhere in similar densities. We conclude that reedbed management by extensive horse grazing and also its long-term cessation may benefit several songbird species. Within a context of wetland degradation and disappearance, both management strategies are useful to establish and maintain suitable habitats for reed-nesting songbird communities.

A multi-sensor approach to monitor the ongoing restoration of edaphic conditions for salt marsh species facing sea level rise: An adaptive management case study in Camargue, France

Mon, 13 Nov 2023 17:02:48

de Aurélie Davranche, Céline Arzel, Pierre Pouzet, A. Rita Carrasco, Gaëtan Lefebvre, Dimitri Lague, Marc Thibault, Alice Newton, Cyril Fleurant, Mohamed Maanan, et al.
In Science of The Total Environment, 908 (January, 2024), 168289
En ligne : hal.science[...]

The Camargue or Rhône delta is a coastal wetland in southern France of which parts formerly devoted to salt production are undergoing a renaturation process. This study assessed a multisensor approach to investigate the link between sediment size distribution, habitat development mapped with Worldview 2, flooding durations estimated with time series of SENTINEL 2 images and elevation modelled with a LIDAR point cloud in former saltworks. A Random Forest classification algorithm was used to map the vegetation distributions of Sarcocornia fruticosa and Arthrocnemum macrostachyum, main representatives of the NATURA 2000 “Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic halophilous scrubs (Sarcocornetea fruticosi)” habitat on the site. The best habitat map was obtained when considering the species separately. The random forest Out-of-bag errors were 1.43 % for S. fruticosa and 2.18 % for A. macrostachyum. Both species were generally distributed on different elevation and flooding duration zones considering mean values. Flooding duration was estimated with the Water In Wetland index (WIW) based on 15 Sentinel-2 scenes. Two models related to sediment grain size distribution were developed: one predicting the flooding duration and one predicting the halophilous scrub distribution. Maps of flooding duration, sediment grain size distribution and elevation highlighted two main zones in the study area: a western section with coarser sediments, shorter flooding durations and higher elevations under sea influence; an eastern section with finer sediments, longer hydroperiods and lower elevations under a historic river influence. This multidisciplinary approach offers perspectives for using space-based data over large scales to monitor changes in edaphic conditions of coastal areas facing natural and anthropogenic forcings. The results call for further investigations to predict the dynamic distribution of other coastal habitats following climate change impacts, such as sea level rise.

Effects of mosquito control using the microbial agent Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems: a systematic review

Fri, 5 Jan 2024 09:31:36

de Magnus Land, Mirco Bundschuh, Richard J. Hopkins, Brigitte Poulin, Brendan G. McKie
In Environmental Evidence, 12(1) (2023-11-22), 26
En ligne : environmentalevidencejournal.biomedcentral.com[...]

The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis (Bti) is commercially produced in various formulations for use as a larvicide worldwide, targeting especially the aquatic larval stage of mosquitoes. However, there is a concern that repeated Bti treatments may have both direct and indirect impacts on non-target organisms (NTOs) and the ecosystems they inhabit. This review evaluates the evidence for such impacts.
Literature was searched using six bibliographic databases, two search engines, and on specialist web sites. Eligibility screening was performed in two steps on (1) title/abstract, with consistency among reviewers assessed by double-screening 557 articles and (2) full text. Articles included after full text screening were critically appraised independently by two reviewers. Disagreements were reconciled through discussions. Key parameters of included studies are presented in narrative synthesis tables, including risk of bias assessments. Meta-analyses comparing treated with untreated ecosystems and using either the raw mean difference or log response ratio as effect size were performed.
Ninety-five articles covering 282 case studies were included in the review. From these, we identified 119 different response variables, which were divided into nine outcome categories. Most studies investigated NTO abundance or life history (reproduction related outcomes), but diversity and community composition are also well represented as outcome categories. The studies are highly variable in methodology, rigor, and spatiotemporal scale, spanning 1 day to 21 years and from < 1 m2 to > 10,000 m2. Our metanalyses revealed a consistent negative effect of Bti treatment on abundances of Chironomidae and Crustacea, and also on chironomid emergence, although from a more restricted set of studies and regions. For most remaining response variables, we judged metaanalysis unfeasible, due to low study numbers or insufficient reporting of methods and results.
There is now a significant body of studies documenting effects of mosquito control using Bti on NTOs or other ecosystem properties, especially associated with negative effects on Chironomidae, as apparent from our meta-analyses. Accordingly, we suggest the potential for negative NTO or other ecosystem effects of Bti treatment should not be discounted a priori. Once a decision to proceed with Bti treatment has been taken, priority should be given to a well-designed program of ongoing monitoring and assessment. The paucity of rigorous studies conducted with low bias risk for most response variables undermines our capacity for evaluating how common many

Ecological Basis of Ecosystem Services and Management of Wetlands Dominated by Common Reed (Phragmites australis): European Perspective

Fri, 22 Sep 2023 15:37:06

de Hana Čížková, Tomáš Kučera, Brigitte Poulin, Jan Kvĕt
In Diversity, 15(5) (May, 2023), 629
En ligne : www.mdpi.com[...]

The common reed (Phragmites australis) is a frequent dominant species in European wetlands. Yet, its performance can vary in response to different combinations of environmental factors. This accounts for P. australis decline on deep-water sites, its stable performance in constructed wetlands with subsurface horizontal ﬂow and its expansion in wet meadows. Reed stands provide habitats for nesting, feeding or roosting of vulnerable bird species. Conservation measures aim at preventing or stopping the decline of P. australis stands, increasing their micro-habitat heterogeneity and reducing the reed penetration into wet meadows. Service-oriented measures aim at providing suitable conditions for direct use of reed stalks for roof thatching or as a renewable energy crop or the use of the reed-dominated habitats for waterfowl hunting, cattle grazing or ﬁshing. The compatibility between nature conservation and different socioeconomic uses can be promoted by collective agreements, agri-environmental contracts or payments for ecosystem services of the reedbeds. In situations with multiple uses, a modelling approach considering the participation of all the stakeholders concerned can be a useful tool for resolving conﬂicts and developing a shared vision of the respective socio-ecosystem.

Long-term persistence and recycling of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis spores in wetlands sprayed for mosquito control

Thu, 1 Sep 2022 16:58:24

de Brigitte Poulin, Gaëtan Lefebvre, Samuel Hilaire, Laurence Després
In Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 243 (September, 2022), 10
En ligne : linkinghub.elsevier.com[...]

Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) is the main larvicide used to control mosquitoes worldwide. Although there is accumulating evidence of Bti having environmental effects on non-target fauna, relatively few field studies have documented the fate of Bti spores in the environment. Spore density was quantified over a 6-yr period (2012–2017) in Mediterranean marshes sprayed with Vectobac 12AS (32 ITU/ha) since 2006 to reduce the nuisance caused by Aedes caspius. Bti spores were naturally found in all habitat types. Spore density expressed as colony-forming units per gram of soil (CFU g− 1) increased significantly at treated sites by a factor of 22 to 500 times relative to control sites, with mean values of 7730 CFU g− 1 in halophilous scrubs, 38,000 in reed beds, 49,000 in bulrush beds and 50 000 in rush beds. Spore density varied little in the first months after the spraying season (April-October), but increased sharply in spring, just before the annual launch of mosquito control. Considering that Bti is an insect pathogen that cannot proliferate without a suitable insect host, this unexpected recrudescence in spring could be related to the warming of water that triggers activity and development of benthic organisms such as chironomids, which may contribute to Bti proliferation by ingesting accumulated spores at the surface of sediments. While spore density tends to decrease over time, presumably during the summer period as a result of increased UV exposure, three to four years were necessary for spore density to return to normal levels after mosquito-control interruption. This study is important because it demonstrates that environmental effects of mosquito-control using Bti can far exceed the short period of Bti efficacy against lentic mosquitoes. Considering that Bti is a microbial agent, these long-term effects should be addressed at multiple levels of ecosystem organization from a one-health perspective.

Different components of landscape complexity are necessary to preserve multiple taxonomic groups in intensively-managed rice paddy landscapes (2022)

Mon, 17 Jan 2022 10:02:41

de Pierre Mallet, Arnaud Béchet, Thomas Galewski, François Mesléard, Samuel Hilaire, Gaëtan Lefebvre, Brigitte Poulin, Clelia Sirami
2022, 8
En ligne : www.sciencedirect.com[...]

Increase in pesticide use and landscape homogenization are two key drivers of the decline in farmland biodiversity. The effects of these two drivers are often complex, interactive and vary among taxonomic groups. Our study tested the hypothesis that pesticide use influences the effect of different components of landscape complexity on different taxonomic groups. We sampled 32 rice paddy landscapes of 1 * 1 km in the Camargue (south of France), a wetland internationally recognized as an exceptional biodiversity hotspot. We assessed the abundance and diversity of 7 taxa (plants, bees, butterflies, hoverflies, carabids, spiders and birds) in 3 or 4 crop fields per landscape. For each landscape, we measured the length of different field margins (ditch, grass strip, hedgerow), the proportion of semi-natural areas and crop diversity. For each field, we measured management intensity by the treatment frequency index (TFI) of pesticides. We then tested our hypothesis across 118 fields. Our results show that different components of landscape complexity influence different taxonomic groups: crop diversity and the length of ditches influence bee abundance and species richness, the proportion of semi-natural areas influence spider abundance and species richness, and the length of grass strips influences bird abundance. Moreover, we show that local pesticide use modulates these effects, with more positive effects of landscape complexity in intensively-managed fields. However, we found no interactive effect between landscape complexity and field management for plants, butterflies, hoverflies and carabids. Our study therefore suggests that different components of landscape complexity need to be maintained in order to preserve multiple taxonomic groups. Moreover, it suggests that increasing landscape complexity is particularly relevant to restore biodiversity in intensively-managed fields. Agricultural policies should therefore support the simultaneous increase in semi-natural areas, field margins length and crop diversity to conserve a wide range of taxonomic groups in intensively-managed rice paddy landscapes.

Impact of mosquito control operations on waterbirds in a Camargue nature reserve

Tue, 9 Nov 2021 09:20:12

de Brigitte Poulin, Claire Tetrel, Gaëtan Lefebvre
In Wetlands Ecology and Management, Online (October, 2021)
En ligne : rdcu.be[...]

The Domaine de la Palissade is a 700-ha nature reserve located at the mouth of the Rhône river in southern France. Since 2006, the tidal wetlands have been sprayed with Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) and water level fluctuations minimized to reduce mosquito nuisance. Aerial spraying of VectoBac® 12AS (32 ITU/ha) is carried out 10 to 23 times a year, whenever Ochlerotatus caspius and Oc. detritus larvae develop, covering between 611 and 1937 cumulated hectares. Long-term trends (2000–2013) in monthly abundance of 50 bird species were compared with two nearby nature reserves that served as controls. A significant decrease in abundance of eight species (from 1958 to 941 monthly counts) was attributed to mosquito control operations and more specifically to: (1) aircraft disturbance caused by aerial spraying in a proportion of 36%, affecting mostly ducks; (2) stabilization of water levels in a proportion of 34%, affecting mostly grebes; and/or (3) reduced food resources caused by Bti effects in a proportion of 30%, affecting mostly waders. The European coot, affected negatively by all three factors, suffered the highest decline. Alternatively, the lower water levels and higher salinity resulting from the reduced exchanges with the Rhône River had a positive impact on five species, mostly gull and shorebirds (from 201 to 280 monthly observations). Overall, this study suggests a 23% significant decrease in waterbird abundance due to mosquito control, in spite of the collaboration between site managers and the operator of mosquito control to minimize negative effects on the non-target fauna.

Foreseen impact of climate change on temporary ponds located along a latitudinal gradient in Morocco

Mon, 27 Sep 2021 09:36:30

de Patrick Grillas, Laïla Rhazi, Gaëtan Lefebvre, Mohammed El Madihi, Brigitte Poulin
In Inland Waters, Online (Septembre, 2021), 1-16
En ligne : www.tandfonline.com[...]

Wetlands have been declining worldwide, with an estimated 64–71% loss over the last century. Climate change is increasing pressure on wetlands, aﬀecting their hydrology, and Mediterranean temporary ponds could be particularly vulnerable to these changes. We studied the expected changes in hydrology and plant community according to climatic change scenarios in 18 temporary ponds distributed in 6 areas along a latitudinal and climatic gradient in Morocco (750 km; 4° latitudinal gradient). Richness of pond species was signiﬁcantly correlated with water level and pond hydroperiod and showed a strong decline from north to south along with increased water stress. Using the Mar-O-Sel software (mar-o-sel.net), we simulated the future evolution of water balance and wetland hydroperiod (duration and frequency of ﬂooding) in these ponds for mid- and late-21st century. Climate projections were estimated based on 2 Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios assuming a stabilization (RCP4.5) or increase (RCP8.5) in greenhouse gas emissions. The mean water deﬁcit of the ponds currently ranges between −1380 and −1812 mm/yr and would increase by 16–67% in 2100 under the RCP8.5 scenarios. Pond richness is expected to decrease by 8–15 species in 2100, depending on area, as a result of shorter projected hydroperiods. Severity of change was not related to location of the ponds along the latitudinal (aridity) gradient, but rather to the interaction between the size of their catchment area and the thickness of the permeable soil layer.

Des moustiques et des hommes.

Tue, 9 Feb 2021 10:16:51

de Brigitte Poulin
In La Cistude, 132 (Décembre 2020), 24-27
En ligne : fr.calameo.com[...]

Configurational crop heterogeneity increases within-field plant diversity

Wed, 29 Apr 2020 17:35:28

de Audrey Alignier, Xavier O. Solé‐Senan, Irene Robleño, Bàrbara Baraibar, Lenore Fahrig, David Giralt, Nicolas Gross, Jean-Louis Martin, Jordi Recasens, Clelia Sirami, et al.
In Journal of Applied Ecology, 57(4) (April, 2020), 654-663
En ligne : besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com[...]

Increasing landscape heterogeneity by restoring semi-natural elements to reverse farmland biodiversity declines is not always economically feasible or acceptable to farmers due to competition for land. We hypothesized that increasing the heterogeneity of the crop mosaic itself, hereafter referred to as crop heterogeneity, can have beneficial effects on within-field plant diversity. Using a unique multi-country dataset from a cross-continent collaborative project covering 1,451 agricultural fields within 432 landscapes in Europe and Canada, we assessed the relative effects of compositional and configurational crop heterogeneity on within-field plant diversity components. We also examined how these relationships were modulated by the position within the field. We found strong positive effects of configurational crop heterogeneity on within-field plant alpha and gamma diversity in field interiors. These effects were as high as the effect of semi-natural cover. In field borders, effects of crop heterogeneity were limited to alpha diversity. We suggest that a heterogeneous crop mosaic may overcome the high negative impact of management practices on plant diversity in field interiors, whereas in field borders, where plant diversity is already high, landscape effects are more limited. Synthesis and applications. Our study shows that increasing configurational crop heterogeneity is beneficial to within-field plant diversity. It opens up a new effective and complementary way to promote farmland biodiversity without taking land out of agricultural production. We therefore recommend adopting manipulation of crop heterogeneity as a specific, effective management option in future policy measures, perhaps adding to agri-environment schemes, to contribute to the conservation of farmland plant diversity.

Environmental and socioeconomic effects of mosquito control in Europe using the biocide Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti)

Tue, 28 Apr 2020 17:48:14

de Carsten A. Brühl, Laurence Després, Oliver Frör, Chandrashekhar D. Patil, Brigitte Poulin, Guillaume Tetreau, Stefanie Allgeier
In Science of The Total Environment, Online (April, 2020), 137800
En ligne : www.sciencedirect.com[...]

Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) has been used in mosquito control programs to reduce nuisance in Europe for decades and is generally considered an environmentally-safe, effective and target-specific biocide. However, the use of Bti is not uncontroversial. Target mosquitoes and affected midges represent an important food source for many aquatic and terrestrial predators and reduction of their populations is likely to result in food-web effects at higher trophic levels. In the context of global biodiversity loss, this appears particularly critical since treated wetlands are often representing conservation areas. In this review, we address the current large-scale use of Bti for mosquito nuisance control in Europe, provide a description of its regulation followed by an overview of the available evidence on the parameters that are essential to evaluate Bti use in mosquito control. Bti accumulation and toxin persistence could result in a chronic expose of mosquito populations ultimately affecting their susceptibility, although observed increase in resistance to Bti in mosquito populations is low due to the four toxins involved. A careful independent monitoring of mosquito susceptibility, using sensitive bioassays, is mandatory to detect resistance development timely. Direct Bti effects were documented for non-target chironomids and other invertebrate groups and are discussed for amphibians. Field studies revealed contrasting results on possible impacts on chironomid abundances. Indirect, food-web effects were rarely studied in the environment. Depending on study design and duration, Bti effects on higher trophic levels were demonstrated or not. Further long-term field studies are needed, especially with observations of bird declines in Bti-treated wetland areas. Socio-economic relevance of mosquito control requires considering nuisance, vector-borne diseases and environmental effects jointly. Existing studies indicate that a majority of the population is concerned regarding potential environmental effects of Bti mosquito control and that they are willing to pay for alternative, more environment-friendly techniques.

What are the effects of control of mosquitoes and other nematoceran Diptera using the microbial agent Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems?

Wed, 11 Sep 2019 10:30:23

de Magnus Land, Mirco Bundschuh, Richard J. Hopkins, Brigitte Poulin, Brendan G. McKie
In Environmental Evidence, 8(1) (December, 2019), 32
En ligne : environmentalevidencejournal.biomedcentral.com[...]

Background: The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis (Bti) is used in many countries as a biological larvicide to control dipteran insects of the suborder Nematocera, especially mosquitoes and black flies. Bti is generally accepted to be target-specific and efficient, with low potential for development of resistance among the target species. However, even though Bti may have minimal direct effects on non-target organisms, it might potentially be associated with knock-on effects on food webs and other ecosystem properties, including biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Evidence from previous research is mixed, with some finding no evidence for indirect effects on biodiversity and ecosystem-level properties, but others indicating that such effects are possible. The fact that many studies have been conducted by organisations coordinating the control programs, and that many of those studies have been published outside peer reviewed scientific journals, highlights the challenges for decision makers and others to assess the results of the existing studies. In this protocol we outline how we aim to systematically and transparently synthesise all available evidence in a forthcoming systematic review. Methods: We will use six bibliographic databases/platforms and the online search engines Google and Google Scholar in searches for literature. Searches will also be made on specialist websites. We will screen the search results for eligibility in stage one based on title and abstract, and in stage two based on the full text of the material. At stage one, after testing and clarifying the eligibility criteria, two reviewers will split and single screen the search results. At stage two the articles will be screened independently by two reviewers. We have developed a preliminary critical appraisal tool that will be used as basis for assessing study validity. Each study will be critically appraised independently by two reviewers. Disagreements will be reconciled through discussions seeking to reach consensus. It is unclear whether a quantitative synthesis based on meta-analysis will be feasible. A narrative synthesis will include descriptive statistics outlining the evidence base in terms of bibliographic information and study metadata. A narrative synthesis table in the form of an Excel spreadsheet will be provided.

Predicting the vulnerability of seasonally-flooded wetlands to climate change across the Mediterranean Basin

Fri, 30 Aug 2019 17:01:54

de Gaëtan Lefebvre, Lauren Redmond, Christophe Germain, Elisa Palazzi, Silvia Terzago, Loic Willm, Brigitte Poulin
In Science of The Total Environment, 692 (November, 2019), 546-555
En ligne : www.sciencedirect.com[...]

Wetlands have been declining worldwide over the last century with climate change becoming an additional pressure, especially in regions already characterized by water deficit. This paper investigates how climate change will affect the values and functions of Mediterranean seasonally-flooded wetlands with emergent vegetation. We simulated the future evolution of water balance, wetland condition and water volumes necessary to maintain these ecosystems at mid- and late- 21st century, in 229 localities around the Mediterranean basin. We considered future projections of the relevant climatic variables under two Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios assuming a stabilization (RCP4.5) or increase (RCP 8.5) of greenhouse gases emissions. We found similar increases of water deficits at most localities around 2050 under both RCP scenarios. By 2100, however, water deficits under RCP 8.5 are expected to be more severe and will impact all localities. Simulations performed under current conditions show that 97% of localities could have wetland habitats in good state. By 2050, however, this proportion would decrease to 81% and 68% under the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, respectively, decreasing further to 52% and 27% by 2100. Our results suggest that wetlands can persist with up to a 400 mm decrease in annual precipitation. Such resilience to climate change is attributed to the semi-permanent character of wetlands (lower evaporation on dry ground) and their capacity to act as reservoir (higher precipitation expected in some countries during winter). Countries at highest risk of wetland degradation and loss are Algeria, Morocco, Portugal and Spain. Degradation of wetlands with emergent vegetation will negatively affect their biodiversity and the services they provide by eliminating animal refuges and primary resources for industry and tourism. A sound strategy to preserve these wetlands would consist of proactive management to reduce non-climate.
stressors. / Grâce à un partenariat avec l’institut des Sciences Atmosphériques et du Climat du Conseil National de la Recherche à Turin dans le cadre du projet H2020 Ecopotential, les projections météo pour les période 2050 et 2100 ont été estimées pour 229 localités autour de la Méditerranée et intégrées à mar-o-sel.net selon deux scénarios, l’un prévoyant une stabilisation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre (RCP4.5) et l’autre la poursuite de leur croissance actuelle (RCP8.5).
Des simulations ont permis de paramétrer des zones humides virtuelles pour chaque localité selon les conditions climatiques actuelles, puis en fonction des conditions climatiques de 2050 et 2100 selon les deux scénarios. Des valeurs seuils en termes de durée d’inondation et de sécheresse nécessaire au bon état des zones humides ont été définies pour que l’impact des changements climatiques puisse être visualiser en termes de dégradation ou transition d’écosystèmes.
Malgré un déficit hydrique accru sur l’ensemble de la Méditerranée en 2100 (de -239 mm ou -472 mm en moyenne selon les scénarios), certaines ZH pourront se maintenir en bon état grâce à leur caractère semi-permanent (évaporation moindre lorsque le sol est sec) et leur capacité de réservoir (précipitations accrues en hiver dans certains pays). Néanmoins, c’est seulement 68% (2050) et 27% (2100) des zones humides qui se maintiendront en bon état si les émissions de gaz à effet de serre poursuivent leur croissance actuelle. Le volume annuel moyen d’eau nécessaire pour préserver la biodiversité et les services rendus par ces écosystèmes variera d’un million (sites légèrement dégradés) à plus de 3,5 millions (sites en voie d’assèchement permanent) de litres d’eau par année et hectare. Les pays les plus à risque quant à la dégradation ou perte de zones humides sont l’Algérie, le Maroc, le Portugal et l’Espagne.

Automatic Inundation Mapping Using Sentinel-2 Data Applicable to Both Camargue and Doñana Biosphere Reserves

Thu, 8 Oct 2020 11:52:17

de Georgios A. Kordelas, Ioannis Manakos, Gaëtan Lefebvre, Brigitte Poulin
In Remote Sensing, 11(19) (Septembre, 2019), 2251
En ligne : www.mdpi.com[...]

Flooding periodicity is crucial for biomass production and ecosystem functions in wetland areas. Local monitoring networks may be enriched by spaceborne derived products with a temporal resolution of a few days. Unsupervised computer vision techniques are preferred, since human interference and the use of training data may be kept to a minimum. Recently, a novel automatic local thresholding unsupervised methodology for separating inundated areas from non-inundated ones led to successful results for the Doñana Biosphere Reserve. This study examines the applicability of this approach to Camarque Biosphere Reserve, and proposes alternatives to the original approach to enhance accuracy and applicability for both Camargue and Doñana wetlands in a scientific quest for methods that may serve accurately biomes at both protected areas. In particular, it examines alternative inputs for automatically estimating thresholds while applying various algorithms for estimating the splitting thresholds. Reference maps for Camargue are provided by local authorities, and generated using Sentinel-2 Band 8A (NIR) and Band 12 (SWIR-2). The alternative approaches examined led to high inundation mapping accuracy. In particular, for the Camargue study area and 39 different dates, the alternative approach with the highest overall Kappa coefficient is 0.84, while, for the Doñana Biosphere Reserve and Doñana marshland (a subset of Doñana Reserve) and 7 different dates, is 0.85 and 0.94, respectively. Moreover, there are alternative approaches with high overall Kappa for all areas, i.e., at 0.79 for Camargue, over 0.91 for Doñana marshland, and over 0.82 for Doñana Reserve. Additionally, this study identifies the alternative approaches that perform better when the study area is extensively covered by temporary flooded and emergent vegetation areas (i.e., Camargue Reserve and Doñana marshland) or when it contains a large percentage of dry areas (i.e., Doñana Reserve). The development of credible automatic thresholding techniques that can be applied to different wetlands could lead to a higher degree of automation for map production, while enhancing service utilization by non-trained personnel.

Introducing WIW for Detecting the Presence of Water in Wetlands with Landsat and Sentinel Satellites

Tue, 24 Sep 2019 11:36:54

de Gaëtan Lefebvre, Aurélie Davranche, Loic Willm, Julie Campagna, Lauren Redmond, Clément Merle, Anis Guelmami, Brigitte Poulin
In Remote Sensing, 11(19) (Septembre, 2019), 18
En ligne : www.mdpi.com[...]

Many wetlands are characterized by a vegetation cover of variable height and density over time. Tracking spatio-temporal changes in inundation patterns of these wetlands remains a challenge for remote sensing. Water In Wetlands (WIW) was predicted using a dichotomous partitioning of reflectance values encoded based on ground-truth (n = 4038) and optical-space derived (n = 7016) data covering all land cover types (n = 17) found in the Rhône delta, southern France. The models were developed with spectral data from Sentinel 2, Landsat 7, and Landsat 8 sensors, hence providing a monitoring tool that covers a 35-year period (same sensor for Landsat 5 and 7). A single model combining the near infrared (NIR ≤ 0.1558 to 0.1804, depending on sensors) and short-wave infrared (SWIR2 ≤ 0.0871 to 0.1131) wavelengths was identified by three independent analyses, each one using a different satellite. Overall accuracy of water maps ranged from 89% to 94% for the training samples and from 90% to 94% for the validation samples, encompassing standard water indices that systematically underestimate flooding duration under vegetation cover. Sentinel 2 provided the highest performance with a kappa coefficient of 0.82 for both samples. Such tool will be most useful for monitoring the water dynamics of seasonal wetlands, which are particularly sensitive to climate change while providing multiple services to humankind. Considering the high temporal resolution of Sentinel 2 (every 5 days), cumulative water maps built with the WIW logical rule could further be used for mapping a wide range of wetlands which are either periodically or permanently flooded.

Increasing crop heterogeneity enhances multitrophic diversity across agricultural regions

Fri, 30 Aug 2019 17:01:17

de Clelia Sirami, Nicolas Gross, Aliette Bosem Baillod, Colette Bertrand, Romain Carrié, Annika Hass, Laura Henckel, Paul Miguet, Carole Vuillot, Audrey Alignier, et al.
In Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(33) (2019-08-13), 16442-16447
En ligne : www.pnas.org[...]

Agricultural landscape homogenization has detrimental effects on biodiversity and key ecosystem services. Increasing agricultural landscape heterogeneity by increasing seminatural cover can help to mitigate biodiversity loss. However, the amount of seminatural cover is generally low and difficult to increase in many intensively managed agricultural landscapes. We hypothesized that increasing the heterogeneity of the crop mosaic itself (hereafter “crop heterogeneity”) can also have positive effects on biodiversity. In 8 contrasting regions of Europe and North America, we selected 435 landscapes along independent gradients of crop diversity and mean field size. Within each landscape, we selected 3 sampling sites in 1, 2, or 3 crop types. We sampled 7 taxa (plants, bees, butterflies, hoverflies, carabids, spiders, and birds) and calculated a synthetic index of multitrophic diversity at the landscape level. Increasing crop heterogeneity was more beneficial for multitrophic diversity than increasing seminatural cover. For instance, the effect of decreasing mean field size from 5 to 2.8 ha was as strong as the effect of increasing seminatural cover from 0.5 to 11%. Decreasing mean field size benefited multitrophic diversity even in the absence of seminatural vegetation between fields. Increasing the number of crop types sampled had a positive effect on landscape-level multitrophic diversity. However, the effect of increasing crop diversity in the landscape surrounding fields sampled depended on the amount of seminatural cover. Our study provides large-scale, multitrophic, cross-regional evidence that increasing crop heterogeneity can be an effective way to increase biodiversity in agricultural landscapes without taking land out of agricultural production. / Cet article est issu du projet Farmland (2011-2015) financé par Biodiversa et réalisé sur 7 sites Européens dont la Camargue. Cette étude s’appuie sur deux saisons intensives de terrain pour échantillonner les plantes, insectes et oiseaux sur les parcelles agricoles. Ces données, combinées à une numérisation précise du paysage sur SIG, ont permis de démontrer qu’il était possible d’augmenter la biodiversité et les services qu’elle rend aux agriculteurs (pollinisation, contrôle des ravageurs) en diversifiant le nombre de cultures et en réduisant la taille des parcelles, sans nécessairement diminuer la surface agricole utile.

Using social media, machine learning and natural language processing to map multiple recreational beneficiaries

Tue, 23 Jul 2019 10:22:28

de Arjan S. Gosal, Ilse R. Geijzendorffer, Tomáš Václavík, Brigitte Poulin, Guy Ziv
In Ecosystem Services, 38 (August, 2019), 100958
En ligne : linkinghub.elsevier.com[...]

Information and numbers on the use and appreciation of nature are valuable information for protected area (PA) managers. A promising direction is the utilisation of social media, such as the photo-sharing website Flickr. Here we demonstrate a novel approach, borrowing techniques from machine learning (image analysis), natural language processing (Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA)) and self-organising maps (SOM), to collect and interpret > 20,000 photos from the Camargue region in Southern France. From the perspective of Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES), we assessed the relationship between the use of the Camargue delta and the presence of natural elements by consulting local managers. Clustering algorithms applied to results of the LSA data revealed six distinct user groups, which included those interested in nature, ornithology, religious pilgrimage, general tourists and aviation enthusiasts. For each group, we produced high-resolution spatial and seasonal maps, which matched known recreational attractions and annual festivals in the Camargue. The accuracy of the group identification, and the spatial and temporal patterns of photo activity, in the Camargue delta were evaluated by local managers of the Camargue regional park. This study demonstrates how PA managers can harness socialmedia to monitor recreation and improve their management decision making.

Seventy-year chronology of Salinas in southern France

Wed, 17 Apr 2019 10:20:50

de Rutger de Wit, Alice Vincent, Ludovic Foulc, Mario Klesczewski, Olivier Scher, Claudine Loste, Marc Thibault, Brigitte Poulin, Lisa Ernoul, Olivier Boutron
In Journal for Nature Conservation, 49 (June, 2019), 95-107
En ligne : www.sciencedirect.com[...]

After World War II, twenty-nine coastal Salinas (122 km2), located in the vicinity of coastal lagoons and in deltas, were exploited along the Mediterranean coastlines in South France. Today, only five of these are still actively producing salt, currently representing 175 km2. Concomitant with the abandonment of many of the smaller Salinas, the larger Salinas in the Rhône delta (Camargue) strongly increased their surfaces at the expense of natural ecosystems, of which a part has also been abandoned after 2009. This paper documents these changes in landscape use by chronological GIS mapping and describes the fate of the 91 km2 of abandoned Salina surfaces. The majority of this area (88 km2) is included in the Natura 2000 network, among which most (74 km2) has been acquired by the French coastal protection agency (Conservatoire du Littoral) to be designated as Protected Areas. Only a very minor part (<1%) has been lost for industry and harbour development. Managing abandoned Salinas as Protected Areas is a challenge, because of the different landscape, biodiversity conservation, natural and cultural heritages issues at stake. In two cases, abandoned Salinas have been brought back again into exploitation by private initiative thus allowing for the protection of original hypersaline biodiversity. In other cases, the shaping of the landscape by natural processes has been privileged. This has facilitated the spontaneous recreation of temporal Mediterranean wetlands with unique aquatic vegetation, and offered opportunities for managed coastal re-alignment and the restoration of hydrobiological exchanges between land and sea. In other areas, former salt ponds continue to be filled artificially by pumping favouring opportunities for waterfowl. This has often been combined with the creation of artificial islets to provide nesting ground for bird colonies protected from terrestrial predators.

Perturbation and delayed recovery of the reed invertebrate assemblage in Camargue marshes sprayed with Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis

Thu, 16 Aug 2018 15:25:20

de Brigitte Poulin, Gaëtan Lefebvre
In Insect Science, 25(4) (2018/08/01), 542-548
En ligne : onlinelibrary.wiley.com[...]

Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) is the most commonly used larvicide to control mosquitoes worldwide. Considered as nontoxic to most organisms, Bti can nevertheless cause trophic perturbations to natural communities by reducing the abundance of Chironomidae, which are a key element of wetland food webs. Since August 2006, up to 8400 of the 33 000 ha of mosquito larval biotopes in the Camargue (Rhône delta, in southern France), are monitored by a public agency and Bti‐sprayed (aqueous solution of VectoBac 12AS at 2.5 L/ha) whenever mosquito larvae (Ochlerotatus caspius and Oc. detritus) appeared in water bodies. This resulted in 30–50 aerial treatments/year, in addition to ground spraying of unknown frequency. The sprayed habitats include Phragmites australis reedbeds, which support a specific avifauna of conservation concern. We compared the abundance of invertebrate prey available to passerine birds at treated and control sites relative to the predicted values based on hydrology over a 9‐year period. Food available to reed passerines was significantly reduced at treated areas, translating into a 34% decrease in breeding birds based on predictive modeling. The most affected arthropods were Diptera, Aranaea, Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera. No cumulative effects were observed over time, but the recovery of the invertebrate assemblage after the cessation of mosquito control was delayed due to Bti spore persistence and proliferation in the sediments. While hydrology remains a prime factor influencing primary and secondary productivity of the Camargue reed marshes, Bti spraying had significant negative effects on animal communities at several trophic levels.

Mapping Mediterranean Wetlands With Remote Sensing: A Good-Looking Map Is Not Always a Good Map

Thu, 27 Sep 2018 15:53:47

de Christian Perennou, Anis Guelmami, Marc Paganini, Petra Philipson, Brigitte Poulin, Adrian Strauch, Christian Tottrup, John Truckenbrodt, Ilse R. Geijzendorffer, David A. Bohan, et al.
In Advances in Ecological Research, 58(1) (2018), 243-277
En ligne : www.sciencedirect.com[...]

Wetlands are a key habitat within the Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot and provide important ecosystem services for human well-being. Remote sensing (RS) has significantly boosted our ability to monitor changes in Mediterranean wetlands, especially in areas where little information is being collected. However, its application to wetlands has sometimes been flawed with uncertainties and unrecognized errors, to a large extent due to the inherent and specific ecological characteristics of Mediterranean wetlands. We present here an overview of the state of the art on RS techniques for mapping and monitoring Mediterranean wetlands, and the remaining challenges: delineating and separating wetland habitat types; mapping water dynamics inside wetlands; and detecting actual wetland trends over time in a context of high, natural variability. The most important lessons learned are that ecologists’ knowledge need to be integrated with RS expertise to achieve a valuable monitoring approach of these ecosystems.

Ecosystem services in European protected areas: Ambiguity in the views of scientists and managers?

Mon, 22 Jan 2018 14:00:27

de Christiaan Hummel, Antonello Provenzale, Jaap van der Meer, Sander Wijnhoven, Arno Nolte, Dimitris Poursanidis, Guyonne Janss, Matthias Jurek, Magnus Andresen, Brigitte Poulin, et al.
In PLOS ONE, 12(11) (2017-11-15), e0187143
En ligne : dx.plos.org[...]

Protected Areas are a key component of nature conservation. They can play an important role in counterbalancing the impacts of ecosystem degradation. For an optimal protection of a Protected Area it is essential to account for the variables underlying the major Ecosystem Services an area delivers, and the threats upon them. Here we show that the perception of these important variables differs markedly between scientists and managers of Protected Areas in mountains and transitional waters. Scientists emphasise variables of abiotic and biotic nature, whereas managers highlight socio-economic, cultural and anthropogenic variables. This indicates fundamental differences in perception. To be able to better protect an area it would be advisable to bring the perception of scientists and managers closer together. Intensified and harmonised communication across disciplinary and professional boundaries will be needed to implement and improve Ecosystem Service oriented management strategies in current and future Protected Areas.

Mosquito Traps: An Innovative, Environmentally Friendly Technique to Control Mosquitoes

Tue, 21 Mar 2017 16:40:42

de Brigitte Poulin, Gaëtan Lefebvre, Camille Muranyi-Kovacs, Samuel Hilaire
In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(3) (2017-03-18), 313
En ligne : www.mdpi.com[...]

We tested the use of mosquito traps as an alternative to spraying insecticide in Camargue (France) following the significant impacts observed on the non-target fauna through Bti persistence and trophic perturbations. In a village of 600 inhabitants, 16 Techno Bam traps emitting CO2 and using octenol lures were set from April to November 2016. Trap performance was estimated at 70% overall based on mosquitoes landing on human bait in areas with and without traps. The reduction of Ochlerotatus caspius and Oc. detritus, the two species targeted by Bti spraying, was, respectively, 74% and 98%. Traps were less efficient against Anopheles hyrcanus (46%), which was more attracted by lactic acid than octenol lures based on previous tests. Nearly 300,000 mosquitoes from nine species were captured, with large variations among traps, emphasizing that trap performance is also influenced by surrounding factors. Environmental impact, based on the proportion of non-target insects captured, was mostly limited to small chironomids attracted by street lights. The breeding success of a house martin colony was not significantly affected by trap use, in contrast to Bti spraying. Our experiment confirms that the deployment of mosquito traps can offer a cost-effective alternative to Bti spraying for protecting local populations from mosquito nuisance in sensitive natural areas.

Perturbation and delayed recovery of the reed invertebrate assemblage in Camargue marshes sprayed with Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis

Tue, 8 Nov 2016 15:58:40

de Brigitte Poulin, Gaëtan Lefebvre
In Insect Science (December 2016)
En ligne : onlinelibrary.wiley.com[...]

Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) is the most commonly used larvicide to control mosquitoes worldwide. Considered as non-toxic to most organisms, Bti can nevertheless cause trophic perturbations to natural communities by reducing the abundance of Chironomidae, which are a key element of wetland food webs. Since August 2006, up to 8400 of the 33 000 ha of mosquito larval biotopes in the Camargue (Rhône delta, in southern France), are monitored by a public agency and Bti-sprayed (aqueous solution of VectoBac 12AS at 2.5 L/ha) whenever mosquito larvae (Ochlerotatus caspius and Oc. detritus) appeared in water bodies. This resulted in 30–50 aerial treatments/year, in addition to ground spraying of unknown frequency. The sprayed habitats include Phragmites australis reedbeds, which support a specific avifauna of conservation concern. We compared the abundance of invertebrate prey available to passerine birds at treated and control sites relative to the predicted values based on hydrology over a nine year period. Food available to reed passerines was significantly reduced at treated areas, translating into a 34% decrease in breeding birds based on predictive modelling. The most affected arthropods were Diptera, Aranaea, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera. No cumulative effects were observed over time, but the recovery of the invertebrate assemblage after the cessation of mosquito control was delayed due to Bti spore persistence and proliferation in the sediments. While hydrology remains a prime factor influencing primary and secondary productivity of the Camargue reed marshes, Bti spraying had significant negative effects on animal communities at several trophic levels.

les pièges à moustique pour collectivité, une méthode innovante

Fri, 13 Jan 2017 10:49:12

de Brigitte Poulin
In Zones Humides Infos, 92-93 (3ème-4ème trim. 2016), 17
En ligne : www.snpn.com[...]

Les impacts du bacille de Thuringe sur l'environnement

Fri, 13 Jan 2017 10:44:30

de Brigitte Poulin
In Zones Humides Infos, 92-93 (3ème-4ème trim. 2016), 13 p.
En ligne : www.snpn.com[...]

Indirect effects of mosquito control using Bti on dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) in the Camargue

Wed, 27 Apr 2016 14:20:51

de Christiane Jakob, Brigitte Poulin
In Insect Conservation and Diversity, 9(2) (February 2016), 161-169
En ligne : onlinelibrary.wiley.com[...]

* Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) has become the most commonly used larvicide to control mosquitoes worldwide. Bti is considered non-toxic to most organisms, except some Diptera such as chironomids, which are a major prey in wetland food webs.
* Although Odonata are important predators of mosquitoes and chironomids at the larval and adult stages, no study has ever considered the potential indirect effects of Bti on Odonata abundance through trophic interactions. We addressed this topic in the Camargue where 2500 of the 25 000 ha of mosquito larval biotopes are Bti-sprayed (aqueous solution of VectoBac 12AS at 2.5 L ha−1) whenever mosquito larvae appear in water bodies (i.e. 30–50 aerial treatments overall annually).
* Adult Odonata were surveyed along a 100-m line transect in spring, summer and autumn at three control and three treated sites over a 5-year period.

* Mean number of species (9.9 vs. 5.2) and of individuals (100 vs. 50) detected per year were significantly higher in control areas compared to Bti-sprayed areas. Bti treatment contributed to 87.3% of the explained variance in Odonata richness, compared to 2.9% for site, 6.8% for year and 3.0% for salinity effects.
* These results are coherent with other studies carried out in the same area and time period highlighting a lower abundance of chironomids, and a lower intake of odonates by breeding birds in treated areas.
* We conclude that mosquito control using Bti should be acknowledged as a potential threat to Odonata.

Trends in management plans and guides: 25 years of experience from Southern France

Wed, 27 Apr 2016 14:20:30

de Lisa Ernoul, Nicolas Beck, Damien Cohez, Christian Perennou, Marc Thibault, Loic Willm, Brigitte Poulin
In Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 58(6) (June 2015), 1096-1112
En ligne : dx.doi.org[...]

This study analysed 14 management plans and guidelines from a 25-year period to understand trends in conservation planning. A Rosetta Stone Analysis was used for the systematic comparison of plans and guidelines. Management plans incorporated management philosophies, management scenarios, opportunities for infrastructure, and plans for data collection by 2000. As of 2010, they incorporated ecosystem services, stakeholders’ objectives and methods for storing and analysing data. The results demonstrate the complex nature of management plans, with an important workload for site managers. Recommendations for future planning include adjustments in planning timeframes and a better identification of conservation targets from initial stages.

Contribution of rainfall vs. water management to Mediterranean wetland hydrology: Development of an interactive simulation tool to foster adaptation to climate variability (2015)

Mon, 26 Oct 2015 10:02:23

de Gaëtan Lefebvre, Christophe Germain, Brigitte Poulin
2015

Mediterranean wetlands are increasingly managed to maintain their functions and services following modification in water allocation, embankment and climate change, calling for proactive and adaptive water management. In a first step, we used long-term monitoring of water levels in 37 adjacent embanked marshes in the Camargue as a repeated non-controlled experiment to build a hydrological model. Without information on water input/output by marsh users, we could nevertheless estimate evapotranspiration under flooding and dry conditions, and soil water coefficient. The model provided a high predictive accuracy (adjusted R-2 = 0.73-0.83) of monthly water levels when applied to an independent sample of 12 marshes. In a second step we developed an interactive decision-aid tool that allows users to visualize the impact of their management strategy (desired water level at a specific month) on subsequent water levels, and their consequence on different components of the ecosystem over a 10-yr period. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Mapping flooding regimes in Camargue wetlands using seasonal multispectral data (2013)

Mon, 26 Oct 2015 10:02:36

de A. Davranche, Brigitte Poulin, Gaëtan Lefebvre
2013

Indirect effects of bioinsecticides on the non target fauna: the Camargue experiment calls for future research (2012)

Mon, 26 Oct 2015 10:03:34

de Brigitte Poulin
2012

Wetland monitoring using classification trees and SPOT-5 seasonal time series (2010)

Mon, 26 Oct 2015 10:05:57

de A. Davranche, Gaëtan Lefebvre, Brigitte Poulin
2010

Ecological assessment of Phragmites australis wetlands using multi-season SPOT-5 scenes (2010)

Mon, 26 Oct 2015 10:03:34

de Brigitte Poulin, A. Davranche, Gaëtan Lefebvre
2010

Spring stopover of the globally threatened aquatic warbler Acrocephalus paludicola in Mediterranean France (2010)

Mon, 26 Oct 2015 10:03:34

de Brigitte Poulin
2010

Red flag for green spray: adverse trophic effects of Bti on breeding birds (2010)

Mon, 26 Oct 2015 10:03:33

de Brigitte Poulin, Gaëtan Lefebvre, L. Paz
2010

Radiometric normalization of SPOT-5 scenes: 6S atmospheric model versus pseudo-invariant features (2009)

Mon, 26 Oct 2015 10:05:57

de A. Davranche, Gaëtan Lefebvre, Brigitte Poulin
2009

Reed harvest and summer drawdown enhance bittern habitat in the Camargue (2009)

Mon, 26 Oct 2015 10:03:33

de Brigitte Poulin, Gaëtan Lefebvre, S. Allard, Raphael Mathevet
2009

Compte rendu ornithologique camarguais pour les années 2001-2006 (2008)

Mon, 26 Oct 2015 10:04:31

de Yves Kayser, Michel Gauthier-Clerc, Arnaud Béchet, Brigitte Poulin, Gregoire Massez, Y. Cherain, J. Paoli, Nicolas Sadoul, E. Vialet, G. Paulus, et al.
2008
En ligne : documents.irevues.inist.fr[...]

Ce calendrier ornithologique couvre les six années de 2001 à 2006, une période marquée par un phénomène de réchauffement général accéléré du climat en général et par la canicule de l'été 2003 en particulier. Compte tenu de la pression d'observation élevée, 18 nouvelles espèces ont été signalées et de nombreuses espèces rares ont été revues dans la région (Camargue, Crau, Alpilles). Parmi les espèces ou groupes d'espèces qui font l'objet de recensements réguliers, les effectifs nicheurs de Flamant rose Phoenicopterus roseus de même que ceux des Anatidés et des Foulques hivernants n'appellent pas de commentaires particuliers pour ce laps de temps. Les Ardéidés coloniaux continuent soit de progresser pour certains, soit de fluctuer dans des limites qui restent élevées pour d'autres. Par exemple, la Grande Aigrette Casmerodius albus s'est installée durablement dans le delta, le Crabier chevelu Ardeola ralloides a atteint un nouveau maximum avec 505 couples en 2006. Des effectifs plus précis sont fournis pour deux espèces comme le Butoir étoilé Botaurus stellaris et le Blongios nain Ixohrychus minutus grâce à des prospections plus efficaces. Des espèces nicheuses d'installation récente comme le Grand Cormoran Phalacrocorax carho, la Cigogne blanche Ciconia ciconia, la Spatule blanche Platalea leucorodia et l'Oie cendrée Anser anser continuent de progresser de même que l'Ibis falcinelle Plegadis falcinellus dont 14 couples se sont reproduits en 2006 et la Talève sultane Porphyrio porphyrio dont la reproduction a enfin été confirmée en 2006. Parmi les espèces posant un problème grave, il faut relever les laro-limicoles nicheurs dont les effectifs se sont effondrés. Sans intervention urgente de gestion, leur situation risque d'empirer. Parmi les faits remarquables, signalons le premier cas d'hivernage de l'Aigle pomarin Aquila pomarina en 2001/2002, un couple mixte de Glaréole à ailes noires Glareola nordmanni x Glaréole à collier G. pratincola en 2001, l'installation du Corbeau freux Corvus frugilegus à Arles.

ButorSTar : a role-playing game for collective awareness of wise reedbed use (2007)

Mon, 26 Oct 2015 10:04:07

de Raphael Mathevet, C. Le Page, M. Etienne, Gaëtan Lefebvre, Brigitte Poulin, G. Gigot, S. Proreol, André Mauchamp
2007

The invasive red swamp crayfish as a predictor of Eurasian bittern density in the Camargue, France (2007)

Mon, 26 Oct 2015 10:03:33

de Brigitte Poulin, Gaëtan Lefebvre, Alain Jean Crivelli
2007

De la biologie à la géographie de la conservation (2006)

Mon, 26 Oct 2015 10:04:07

de Raphael Mathevet, Brigitte Poulin
2006

Exploitation des roselières favorables à la biodiversité (2006)

Mon, 26 Oct 2015 10:03:53

de C. Mundler, S. Arnassant, G. Marjollet, C. Aulert, Estelle Kerbiriou, Brigitte Poulin, Raphael Mathevet
2006

Habitat selection by booming bitterns Botaurus stellaris in French Mediterranean reed-beds (2005)

Mon, 26 Oct 2015 10:03:33

de Brigitte Poulin, Gaëtan Lefebvre, Raphael Mathevet
2005

Marais à marisque. Après le feu ... le butor (2005)

Mon, 26 Oct 2015 10:03:33

de Brigitte Poulin, E. Duborper, André Mauchamp
2005

Reed cutting affects arthropod communities, potentially reducing food for passerine birds (2005)

Mon, 26 Oct 2015 10:03:15

de M.H. Schmidt, Gaëtan Lefebvre, Brigitte Poulin, T. Tscharntke
2005

Infestation by the mite Harpirhynchus nidulans in the bearded tit Panurus biarmicus (2004)

Mon, 26 Oct 2015 10:04:59

de P.Y. Henry, Brigitte Poulin, F. Rousset, F. Renaud, F. Thomas
2004

Au chevet du prince des roselières. Programme Life Nature en faveur du butor étoilé (2004)

Mon, 26 Oct 2015 10:04:29

de Estelle Kerbiriou, Brigitte Poulin, L. Demongin, S. Arnassant, C. Jolivet, C. Egreteau
2004

Le Rézo du Rozo des réserves naturelles: des suivis de terrain à un observatoire national (2004)

Mon, 26 Oct 2015 10:04:06

de André Mauchamp, Marc Thibault, Brigitte Poulin
2004

Diet of reed warblers Acrocephalus scirpaceus at two stopover sites in Morocco during autumn migration (2004)

Mon, 26 Oct 2015 10:03:27

de H. Rguibi Idrissi, Gaëtan Lefebvre, Brigitte Poulin
2004

Le régime alimentaire de la Rousserolle effarvatte (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) pendant la migration automnale (septembre-octobre 2000) a été étudié par analyse de régurgitats dans deux zones humides marocaines, Kerbacha en région Méditerranéenne et Sidi Bou Ghaba en région Atlantique. Dix-sept catégories de proies ont été identifiées dans 88 régurgitats totalisant 789 items, avec une prédominance de guêpes (Hyménoptères) et de coléoptères à Kerbacha, et de fourmis (ailées et non ailées) et coléoptères à Sidi Bou Ghaba. La distribution taxinomique des proies et leur diversité diffèrent significativement entre les deux sites. Les oiseaux consomment un plus petit nombre de proies de plus grande taille et de plus faible mobilité à Sidi Bou Ghaba, comparativement à Kerbacha où un grand nombre de petites proies volantes caractérisent la majorité des régurgitats. Ces différences sont vraisemblablement dues à des variations dans la disponibilité locale des proies qui peuvent expliquer en partie les stratégies migratoires différentes utilisées aux deux sites. Ainsi, le court séjour et le taux d’engraissement élevé à Kerbacha peuvent être associés à un taux d’alimentation supérieur grâce à l’abondance de quelques taxons fortement consommés. A Sidi Bou Ghaba, où la durée de stationnement est plus longue et le taux d’engraissement moindre, les rousserolles ont un régime alimentaire plus diversifié et un taux d’alimentation faible suggérant que les proies sont généralement peu abondantes à l’exception des fourmis volantes, une ressource alimentaire ponctuellement surabondante mais peu prévisible dont les rousserolles font bon usage.

Accuracy of bittern location by acoustic triangulation (2003)

Mon, 26 Oct 2015 10:04:18

de Gaëtan Lefebvre, Brigitte Poulin
2003

ReedSim: Simulating ecological and economical dynamics of Mediterranean reedbeds. In: Integrative modelling of biophysical, social and economic systems for resource management solution. POST D. (2003)

Mon, 26 Oct 2015 10:04:07

de Raphael Mathevet, André Mauchamp, R. Lifran, Brigitte Poulin, Gaëtan Lefebvre
[S.l.] : Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand Townsville, 2003, p1007-1012

Passereaux paludicoles et gestion des roselières en région méditerranéenne (2003)

Mon, 26 Oct 2015 10:03:34

de Brigitte Poulin
2003
En ligne : www.snpn.com[...]

Optimal sampling of booming Bitterns Botaurus stellaris (2003)

Mon, 26 Oct 2015 10:03:33

de Brigitte Poulin, Gaëtan Lefebvre
2003

The Great Bittern Botaurus stellaris is a secretive bird that lives in dense reed marshes. Population surveys of this vulnerable species are based on the characteristic vocalization (booms) of males during the breeding season. Probability of detecting a male is highly dependent upon the occurrence of booms, which is assumed to be density-dependent and highly variable over time. We studied booming frequency in relation to time of day, time of season, weather conditions, and bittern density at ten sites in the Camargue, south of France. At each site, twice monthly from 6 March through 18 July 2000, booms were recorded over two periods of 6 h, one centred on sunset, the other centred on sunrise, and both divided into 72 sampling units of 5 min each. The number of bitterns heard within a single 6-h period varied from 0 to 10. Booming frequency was highest in April and May. The proportion of males booming peaked 0-30 min after sunset (68%), and 30-60 min before sunrise (78%). Booming activity decreased significantly under cloudy and rainy conditions, but low temperatures had no effect. Optimal sampling protocols (point count duration and frequency) are suggested for various situations at dawn and dusk, during the peak and low booming periods, and for sites comprising a single or multiple bitterns. Given the daily and seasonal variation in booming frequency, only standardized protocols can provide a faithful estimate of the number of male bitterns across years.

Variation in booming among great bitterns Botaurus stellaris in the Camargue, France (2003)

Mon, 26 Oct 2015 10:03:33

de Brigitte Poulin, Gaëtan Lefebvre
2003

Effect of winter cutting on the passerine breeding assemblage in French Mediterranean reedbeds (2002)

Mon, 26 Oct 2015 10:03:33

de Brigitte Poulin, Gaëtan Lefebvre
2002

Habitat requirements of passerines and reedbed management in southern France (2002)

Mon, 26 Oct 2015 10:03:33

de Brigitte Poulin, Gaëtan Lefebvre, André Mauchamp
2002
En ligne : crbpo.mnhn.fr[...]

Determinants of avian diversity in neotropical mangrove forests. In: Biodiversity in wetlands: assessment, function and conservation. Volume 1. GOPAL B., JUNK W.J. & DAVIS J.A. (2000)

Mon, 26 Oct 2015 10:04:18

de Gaëtan Lefebvre, Brigitte Poulin
[S.l.] : Backhuys Publishers Leiden, 2000, p161-179

Quantifying the breeding assemblage of reedbed passerines with mist-net and point-count surveys (2000)

Mon, 26 Oct 2015 10:03:33

de Brigitte Poulin, Gaëtan Lefebvre, P. Pilard
2000

Spatial distribution of nesting and foraging sites of two Acrocephalus warblers in a Mediterranean reedbed (2000)

Mon, 26 Oct 2015 10:03:33

de Brigitte Poulin, Gaëtan Lefebvre, S. Metref
2000